Blocked milk duct: causes, symptoms, and how to unblock it quickly

A clogged milk duct is one of the most common problems during breastfeeding — uncomfortable, but usually easy to manage at home. Here's how to recognize it and what to do.

What does a clogged milk duct look like?

If a duct is clogged at the nipple opening, a small white blister may appear at the tip. More generally, you probably have a clogged duct if a breast:

• has a noticeable lump
• is locally swollen, firm or tender, but not excessively hot
• is moderately painful, with a throbbing pain at a specific point that often subsides after feeding

A slight feeling of warmth in the area is possible, but a high body temperature is not typical of a simple clogged duct — fever is more associated with mastitis (breast inflammation).

What causes a clogged milk duct?

Causes can come from both mother and baby:

• Poor latch or ineffective feeding
• Sudden reduction or shortening of feeds, or skipping night feeds
• A baby's illness affecting their sucking strength
• Pressure on the breast caused by a bra that is too tight or underwired
• Cracked nipples forming a crust over the duct opening
• Insufficient hydration
• Stress, fatigue or exhaustion

How to unclog a blocked milk duct at home

Most blockages clear up in a day or two with regular home care:

• Feed your baby frequently from the affected breast, starting with that one, and ensure a good latch.
• Apply heat before feeding: a warm compress or a warm shower promotes milk let-down.
• Try positions that promote milk flow: leaning over your baby during feeding can facilitate drainage.
• Gently massage the lump towards the nipple during or between feeds.
• Stay well hydrated: drink plenty of water throughout the day.
• Wear a soft, well-fitting bra, without underwire, that does not compress breast tissue.

What happens if it doesn't clear up?

If the blockage persists after 2 to 3 days, consult your doctor. Without treatment, a clogged milk duct can lead to engorgement or mastitis, a breast infection requiring medical treatment.

If you regularly suffer from clogged milk ducts, it is advisable to review your breastfeeding technique with a lactation consultant. Recurrent blockages may also warrant a breast ultrasound to rule out other possible causes.

A note on lecithin: Some breastfeeding experts suggest sunflower or soy lecithin supplementation to reduce milk viscosity, which may help prevent recurrent blockages. However, current evidence is limited — consult your doctor or a lactation consultant before trying it.